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| Hippocampal sclerosis ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Hippocampal sclerosis
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus, specifically in the CA-1(Cornu Ammonis area 1) and subiculum of the hippocampus. It was first described in 1880 by Wilhelm Sommer.〔Sommer W. (1880) "Erkrankung des Ammon's horn als aetiologis ches moment der epilepsien." ''Arch Psychiatr Nurs'' 10: 631-675.〕 Hippocampal sclerosis is a frequent pathologic finding in community-based dementia. Hippocampal sclerosis can be detected with autopsy or MRI. Individuals with hippocampal sclerosis have similar initial symptoms and rates of dementia progression to those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and therefore are frequently misclassified as having Alzheimer's Disease. But clinical and pathologic findings suggest that hippocampal sclerosis has characteristics of a progressive disorder although the underlying cause remains elusive.〔Leverenz JB, Agustin CM, Tsuang D, Peskind ER, Edland SD, Nochlin D, DiGiacomo L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Raskind MA, Kukull WA, Larson EB. (2002) "Clinical and neuropathological characteristics of hippocampal sclerosis: a community-based study." ''Arch. Neurol'' 59: 1099–1106.〕
A diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis has a significant effect on the life of patients because of the notable mortality, morbidity and
social impact related to epilepsy, as well as side effects associated with antiepileptic treatments.〔Kadom N, Tsuchida T, Gaillard WD. (2011) "Hippocampal sclerosis in children younger than 2 years." ''Pediatr Radiol'' 41(10): 1239-1245.〕
==Classification==
Mesial temporal sclerosis is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuron cell loss.〔Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. 1997〕〔Trepeta, Scott 2007〕 There are 3 specific patterns of cell loss; Cell loss might involve sectors CA1 and CA4, CA4 alone, or CA1 to CA4.〔Trepeta, Scott 2007〕 Associated hippocampal atrophy and gliosis is common.〔Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. 1997〕 MRI scan commonly displays increased T2 signal and hippocampal atrophy 〔Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. 1997〕 Mesial temporal sclerosis might occur with other temporal lobe abnormalities (dual pathology).〔Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. 1997〕 Mesial temporal sclerosis is the most common pathological abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy.〔Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. 1997〕〔Trepeta, Scott 2007〕 It has been linked to abnormalities in TDP-43
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